Inga Alley Cropping
Inga Foundation

Solution Overview & Benefits
Inga Alley Cropping is a simple farming method that helps families grow food on the same land every year—without needing to burn forests or use expensive chemicals. Farmers plant rows of Inga trees, which improve the soil by adding nutrients and stopping weeds. After the trees grow for about two years, they are cut back. Their leaves become natural fertilizer, and food crops like beans or corn are planted between the rows. This system keeps the soil healthy, protects the environment, and helps families produce more food.
Benefits:
- Restores poor and damaged soils
- Stops the need for slash-and-burn farming
- Grows food year after year on the same land
- Reduces weeds and protects against erosion
- Saves money—no need for chemical fertilizers
- Provides free firewood from tree branches
- Helps families earn more and eat better
- Works even during droughts or strong rains
History & Development
The Inga Alley Cropping model was developed over more than 25 years of research by tropical ecologist Mike Hands, initially at Cambridge University, as a sustainable alternative to slash-and-burn agriculture. After observing the rapid degradation of tropical soils following deforestation, Hands identified the Inga tree—Inga edulis, a nitrogen-fixing legume native to Central and South America—as key to restoring soil fertility. Through extensive field trials in Costa Rica and later in Honduras, he demonstrated that planting Inga in hedgerows could effectively retain nutrients, suppress weeds, and maintain long-term soil productivity.
In 2012, he founded the Inga Foundation and launched the Land for Life program in Honduras, working directly with subsistence farmers to implement the model. Since then, the approach has expanded to over a dozen countries, restoring thousands of hectares of degraded land and enabling food security and self-sufficiency for hundreds of farming families.
Availability
- Available: Congo, Honduras, Madagascar
- Price: contact solution provider (not a commercial product, but a community-based agroforestry approach supported by the Inga Foundation; seeds and technical training are typically provided free or subsidized to participating communities in Central America, Africa, and other tropical regions)
Specifications
- Tree species: Predominantly Inga edulis (also I. oerstediana)—fast-growing, leguminous, nitrogen-fixing trees native to the Amazon basin.
- Planting layout: Trees planted ~50 cm apart in hedgerows, with ~4 m between rows (up to 5 m possible). On slopes, planted along contours to prevent erosion.
- Density: ~5,000 saplings per hectare when planted at 50 cm × 4 m spacing.
- Pruning cycle: After canopy closure (8–36 months), annual pruning yields firewood and mulch; larger branches for fuel/biochar, smaller foliage left for soil mulch.
- Crop integration: Farmers plant food or cash crops (e.g. beans, maize, root vegetables) through mulch holes after pruning; crops benefit from nutrients and weed suppression.
Additional Information
- The system mimics natural forest-floor conditions, suppressing weeds naturally and reducing labor.
- Requires minimal external inputs—mostly an initial application of rock phosphate to stabilize soils, afterward self-sustaining.
- Demonstrated resilience to drought, hurricanes, and erosion—Inga trees survive adverse weather and support plots when traditional slash‑and‑burn plots fail.
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